proton (质子)

neutron (中子)

electron (电子)

Name Charge Mass Location Role
Proton +1 $1$ Inside Nucleus Determine the identity
Neutron 0 $1$ Inside Nucleus Hold together the nucleus
Electron -1 $\frac{1}{2840}$ Outside Nucleus responsible for reactivity

Isotope (同位素)

[!Note]
Same amount of proton, electron
Same chemical proprieties

Ion

[!def]
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge unequal to zero due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

cations: positive ions
anions: negative ions, -ide in name.

[!NOTE]
Nitrate $NO_3^{\ -}$
Hydroxide $OH^-$
Sulphate $SO_4^{\ 2-}$
Carbonate $CO_3^{\ 2-}$
Ammonium $NH_4^+$

[!Negative]
Nitride $N^{3-}$
Oxide $O^{2-}$
Sulfide $S^{2-}$
Chloride $Cl^{-}$

practice:
chemthink (simbucket.com)
chemthink (simbucket.com)